The sport of horse racing has entranced spectators for centuries. It has become a multibillion dollar industry, attracting visitors from all over the world to places like Saratoga Springs and Belmont Park in New York. A day at the races can be filled with wagering on favorite horses, enjoying gourmet food and beverage options, and mingling with celebrities and other racing fans.
While moving fast comes naturally to horses, winning a race is something else entirely. It is a human construct that makes them act more aggressively and competitively with their rivals than they would in the wild, where they understand self-preservation and prefer to run as a herd. It is a dangerous sport that afflicts horses with debilitating and fatal injuries.
In the wild, horses are prey animals that run as a group to protect one another and keep each other safe. They love to move fast, but they do not want to win. In fact, they are often more interested in escaping danger than pursuing it. The sport of horse racing has long been controversial for its brutality and cruelty to animals, but in recent years it has taken a turn for the worse. Injuries and deaths of horses have become commonplace. This is due to the increased number of races, the economic pressures to run horses who have no business being on the track, and the inhumane way in which horses are whipped during a race.
A horse’s past performances are recorded and analyzed in order to determine its chances of winning a race. This information includes the horse’s race history, earnings, and bloodlines. It is also used to make exotic wagering combinations known as wheel bets. A horse with odds higher than those offered by the track is considered an overlay, while a horse with lower odds is an underlay.
The sport is governed by the New York State Racing and Wagering Authority, or NYRA. 12% of each bet is turned over to the authority, which uses it to fund operations and purses. The NYRA has been under intense financial pressure since the 2008 economic crash, and many tracks have shut down, forcing them to cut back on expenses and services.
In a typical race, horses compete over dirt, grass, and a synthetic all-weather surface. Each type of surface has a different speed rating that is determined by how long it takes for the horse to cover a certain distance on it. Each horse’s speed figure is adjusted for how much faster or slower a race was on that day, the sex of the horse, and its position in the field. The higher the speed number, the better a horse is.